This descriptive case study investigates the role of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in the acquisition of Italian as a second language among Newly Arrived Students (NAS) attending two lower secondary schools in Italy. Specifically, the objective of this research is to identify which aspects of learning Italian as a second language contribute to higher levels of anxiety, based on parameters such as communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, and what teaching strategies can be implemented to effectively manage and reduce language anxiety. The present research also examines how anxiety undermines learners’ performance, limits their classroom participation, and weakens their motivation to engage with the target language (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). To investigate this, the study employs both quantitative and qualitative data using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). The 33-item, self-reported 4-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to a small sample (14) of Newly Arrived Students who were guided during the administration; furthermore, the research instrument was adapted through a procedure of linguistic simplification in order to avoid misinterpretation. The results indicated low to moderate levels of anxiety, with a mean score of 73 and a range from 42 to 92. By comparison, the standard range is from 33 to 165. 19.9% of the sample selected the option “neither agree nor disagree”, indicating that the majority of the sample prefer not to expose themselves on their experience with foreign language anxiety. Similarly, students who selected the option “completely agree” in anxiety-loaded prompts are relatively limited (7.3%). However, the percentages of students who selected the options “completely disagree” and “neither agree nor disagree” were found to differ only a little, 19.2% and 19.9%, respectively. In contrast, a slightly lower percentage, 18.3%, expressed agreement with the more anxiety-inducing prompts. Furthermore, the high score of standard deviation (13.9) highlights heterogeneity within the sample, denoting individual differences in the way students experience FLA. This diversity had already been found within the characteristics of the sample, in terms of linguistic and migratory background. The study concludes by reflecting on practical implications in educational contexts. In particular, it restates the importance of teachers as linguistic facilitators and emotional supporters, presenting strategies to foster motivation and classroom participation among NAS, even when FLA is relatively low. Limitations and future directions of the research are also addressed.
Questo studio di caso descrittivo analizza il ruolo dell'ansia da lingua straniera (FLA) nell'acquisizione dell'italiano come seconda lingua tra gli Studenti Neoarrivati in Italia (NAI) che frequentano due scuole secondarie di primo grado in Italia. Nello specifico, l'obiettivo di questa ricerca è identificare quali aspetti dell'apprendimento dell'italiano come seconda lingua contribuiscono a livelli più elevati di ansia, sulla base di parametri quali l'apprensione comunicativa, l'ansia da esame e la paura di una valutazione negativa, e quali strategie didattiche possono essere implementate per gestire e ridurre efficacemente l'ansia linguistica. La ricerca esamina anche come l'ansia comprometta il rendimento degli studenti, limiti la loro partecipazione in classe e indebolisca la loro motivazione a impegnarsi con la lingua seconda (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). Per approfondire questo aspetto, lo studio utilizza dati sia quantitativi che qualitativi, avvalendosi della Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). Il questionario, composto da 33 domande con scala Likert a 4 punti, è stato somministrato a un piccolo campione (14) di studenti neoarrivati in Italia (NAI), i quali sono stati guidati durante la compilazione senza influenzarne le risposte; inoltre, lo strumento di ricerca è stato adattato attraverso una procedura di semplificazione linguistica, al fine di evitare interpretazioni errate. I risultati hanno indicato livelli di ansia da bassi a moderati, con un punteggio medio di 73 e un intervallo compreso tra 42 e 92. In confronto, l'intervallo standard va da 33 a 165. Il 19,9% del campione ha selezionato l'opzione “né d'accordo né in disaccordo”, indicando che la maggioranza del campione preferisce non esporsi sulla propria esperienza con l'ansia da lingua straniera. Allo stesso modo, il numero di studenti che hanno selezionato l'opzione “completamente d'accordo” nelle domande che suscitano ansia è relativamente limitato (7,3%). Tuttavia, le percentuali di NAI che hanno selezionato le opzioni “completamente in disaccordo” e “né d'accordo né in disaccordo” sono risultate leggermente diverse, rispettivamente 19,2% e 19,9%. Al contrario, una percentuale leggermente inferiore, pari al 18,3%, era d’accordo con le domande più ansiogene. Inoltre, l'elevato punteggio della deviazione standard (13,9) evidenzia l'eterogeneità del campione, indicando differenze individuali nel modo in cui gli studenti vivono l'ansia. Questa diversità era già stata riscontrata nelle caratteristiche del campione, in termini di background linguistico e migratorio. Lo studio si conclude con una riflessione sulle implicazioni pratiche nei contesti educativi. In particolare, ribadisce l'importanza degli insegnanti come facilitatori linguistici e sostenitori emotivi, presentando strategie per promuovere la motivazione e la partecipazione in classe tra gli studenti NAI, anche quando il livello di ansia è relativamente basso. Vengono inoltre affrontati i limiti e le direzioni future della ricerca.
Foreign Language Anxiety in Italian as an L2: A Descriptive Case Study among Newly Arrived Students of two Italian lower secondary schools
PIZZOLATO, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
This descriptive case study investigates the role of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in the acquisition of Italian as a second language among Newly Arrived Students (NAS) attending two lower secondary schools in Italy. Specifically, the objective of this research is to identify which aspects of learning Italian as a second language contribute to higher levels of anxiety, based on parameters such as communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, and what teaching strategies can be implemented to effectively manage and reduce language anxiety. The present research also examines how anxiety undermines learners’ performance, limits their classroom participation, and weakens their motivation to engage with the target language (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). To investigate this, the study employs both quantitative and qualitative data using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). The 33-item, self-reported 4-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to a small sample (14) of Newly Arrived Students who were guided during the administration; furthermore, the research instrument was adapted through a procedure of linguistic simplification in order to avoid misinterpretation. The results indicated low to moderate levels of anxiety, with a mean score of 73 and a range from 42 to 92. By comparison, the standard range is from 33 to 165. 19.9% of the sample selected the option “neither agree nor disagree”, indicating that the majority of the sample prefer not to expose themselves on their experience with foreign language anxiety. Similarly, students who selected the option “completely agree” in anxiety-loaded prompts are relatively limited (7.3%). However, the percentages of students who selected the options “completely disagree” and “neither agree nor disagree” were found to differ only a little, 19.2% and 19.9%, respectively. In contrast, a slightly lower percentage, 18.3%, expressed agreement with the more anxiety-inducing prompts. Furthermore, the high score of standard deviation (13.9) highlights heterogeneity within the sample, denoting individual differences in the way students experience FLA. This diversity had already been found within the characteristics of the sample, in terms of linguistic and migratory background. The study concludes by reflecting on practical implications in educational contexts. In particular, it restates the importance of teachers as linguistic facilitators and emotional supporters, presenting strategies to foster motivation and classroom participation among NAS, even when FLA is relatively low. Limitations and future directions of the research are also addressed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/29844