Internationalization of Italian SMEs and the Made in Italy in the Age of Industry 4.0 and Digitalization

In a rapidly globalizing world, Italian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face both challenges and opportunities in their quest for internationalization. This thesis explores the pivotal role of the Country of Origin Effect (COO) in the internationalization process and the evolving landscape driven by Industry 4.0 and e-commerce. Chapter One sets the stage by delving into globalization theories, emphasizing the importance of the CAGE framework in understanding the distances that affect the internationalization of enterprises. We discuss the significance of SMEs, investigate economic theories, and dissect entry modes into foreign markets. A particular focus is placed on the COO effect, which enhances the appeal of Italian exports, and we analyze Italian SMEs' internationalization experiences. Chapter Two explores the transformative potential of Industry 4.0 and digitalization for Italian SMEs. We examine the origins, characteristics, and organizational barriers of Industry 4.0 adoption while assessing the opportunities and risks associated with it. The nexus between digital transformation and internationalization is elucidated, with emphasis on the impact of digital technologies on Italian SMEs' international endeavors. Additionally, we investigate the global context of e-commerce and its role in Italian SMEs' internationalization, shedding light on both opportunities and barriers. Chapter Three employs a case study analysis to consolidate the research findings. We outline the objectives and methodology, provide profiles of selected companies, and analyze the results, offering a real-world perspective on how Italian SMEs are navigating the challenges and seizing the opportunities presented by internationalization, Industry 4.0, and e-commerce.