The digital revolution of the last decade has transformed people’s everyday lives, including opportunities for informal learning, which have expanded and diversified, making learning environments and practices available that go beyond formally structured educational contexts. This study focuses on the role of the social network “Instagram” as an environment for language learning, also considering its effects on autonomy, motivation, the affective dimension, and anxiety in language learning. More specifically, the study is structured on three levels. First, it outlines the digital phenomena that have led to the transformation of learning, such as the transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and the emergence of collective intelligence and networked societies; it then examines the theoretical foundations underpinning this phenomenon: from constructivism, through connectivism, to learning by doing, also addressing the origins of communities of practice. At the end of this first part, European policies related to this form of learning are also examined. The second part introduces the three types of learning (formal, non-formal, and informal) and then focuses on informal learning in its two dimensions: incidental and intentional. It then examines the implications of informal learning in terms of autonomy, motivation, and the affective dimension, and analyzes social networks as a tool for intentional and incidental informal learning. Finally, the second chapter addresses the related limitations and challenges. The empirical research is conducted with university students and examines how they use Instagram for learning, their perceptions in terms of effectiveness and autonomy, and whether they perceive a relationship between informal exposure to the L2 and reduced anxiety when using the language. The results of the research provide an opportunity to reflect on students’ perceptions of this form of learning, which goes beyond the traditional concept of learning to focus on learners’ needs and preferences.
La revolución digital de la última década ha transformado la vida cotidiana de las personas, incluso las oportunidades de aprendizaje informal, que se han amplificado y diversificado, poniendo a disposición entornos y prácticas para el aprendizaje que sobrepasan los contextos educativos formalmente estructurados. Este estudio se enfoca en el papel de la red social “Instagram” como entorno para el aprendizaje lingüístico, considerando también sus efectos sobre la autonomía, la motivación, la dimensión afectiva y la ansiedad en el aprendizaje de idiomas. Más específicamente, el estudio se estructura en tres niveles. En primer lugar, se delinean los fenómenos digitales que han llevado a la transformación del aprendizaje, como el paso de la Web 1.0 a la 2.0 y el surgimiento de la inteligencia colectiva y de las sociedades en red; a continuación, se analizan las bases teóricas que sustentan el fenómeno: desde el constructivismo, pasando por el conectivismo, hasta el learning by doing, tratando también los orígenes de las comunidades de práctica. Al final de esta primera parte, se analizan también las políticas europeas relacionadas con esta modalidad de aprendizaje. La segunda parte introduce los tres tipos de aprendizaje (formal, no formal e informal) para luego enfocarse en el aprendizaje informal en sus dos dimensiones: la incidental y la intencional. A continuación, se examinan las implicaciones del aprendizaje informal en términos de autonomía, motivación y dimensión afectiva, y se analizan las redes sociales como herramienta para el aprendizaje informal intencional e incidental. Al final, el segundo capítulo trata los límites y los retos conectados. La investigación empírica se realiza con estudiantes universitarios y analiza cómo utilizan Instagram para aprender, cuál es la percepción en términos de eficacia y autonomía y si perciben una relación entre la exposición informal a la L2 y una menor ansiedad en el uso de la lengua. Los resultados de la investigación permiten reflexionar sobre la percepción de los estudiantes respecto a esta modalidad, que sobrepasa el concepto tradicional de aprendizaje, para centrarse en las necesidades y preferencias del alumno.
Instagram como entorno para el aprendizaje informal de una L2
FERRARI, ELENA
2025/2026
Abstract
The digital revolution of the last decade has transformed people’s everyday lives, including opportunities for informal learning, which have expanded and diversified, making learning environments and practices available that go beyond formally structured educational contexts. This study focuses on the role of the social network “Instagram” as an environment for language learning, also considering its effects on autonomy, motivation, the affective dimension, and anxiety in language learning. More specifically, the study is structured on three levels. First, it outlines the digital phenomena that have led to the transformation of learning, such as the transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and the emergence of collective intelligence and networked societies; it then examines the theoretical foundations underpinning this phenomenon: from constructivism, through connectivism, to learning by doing, also addressing the origins of communities of practice. At the end of this first part, European policies related to this form of learning are also examined. The second part introduces the three types of learning (formal, non-formal, and informal) and then focuses on informal learning in its two dimensions: incidental and intentional. It then examines the implications of informal learning in terms of autonomy, motivation, and the affective dimension, and analyzes social networks as a tool for intentional and incidental informal learning. Finally, the second chapter addresses the related limitations and challenges. The empirical research is conducted with university students and examines how they use Instagram for learning, their perceptions in terms of effectiveness and autonomy, and whether they perceive a relationship between informal exposure to the L2 and reduced anxiety when using the language. The results of the research provide an opportunity to reflect on students’ perceptions of this form of learning, which goes beyond the traditional concept of learning to focus on learners’ needs and preferences.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/31441