The green transition represents one of the most complex and crucial transformation process of the contemporary economic system, requiring the coordinated contribution of financial systems, regulatory frameworks, and social actors. Achieving a sustainable and low-carbon economy increasingly depends on the active participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which requires a systemic redesign of the financial, regulatory, informational, and cultural context. The progressive recognition of SME relevance in the pursuit of net-zero objectives arises from their widespread presence across economic sectors, significant social contribution to employment and value creation, and substantial collective environmental footprint. At the same time, they are among the actors most exposed to the financial and physical risks associated to climate change, and among the least served by the financial instruments supporting decarbonisation. Their transition efforts are further constrained by limited financial access, inadequate technical expertise, scarce sustainability data, and regulatory complexity. In this context, providing capital alone is insufficient to achieve climate neutrality objectives. Rather, a coordinated and differentiated approach is required to create the financial, institutional, and technical conditions that enable SMEs to overcome these barriers and become active drivers of sustainable innovation and economic transformation.
La transizione sostenibile rappresenta uno dei processi di trasformazione più complessi e decisivi del contesto economico contemporaneo, che richiede il contributo coordinato di sistemi finanziari, quadri normativi e strutture sociali. Il raggiungimento di un'economia sostenibile e a basse emissioni dipende in misura crescente dalla partecipazione attiva delle piccole e medie imprese (PMI), la quale implica una ridefinizione sistemica del contesto finanziario, normativo, informativo e culturale. Il graduale riconoscimento della rilevanza delle PMI nel perseguimento degli obiettivi di neutralità climatica deriva dalla loro presenza capillare nei settori economici, dal significativo contributo sociale in termini di occupazione e creazione di valore e dal notevole impatto ambientale collettivo. Allo stesso tempo, esse figurano tra gli attori più esposti ai rischi fisici e finanziari connessi ai cambiamenti climatici, ma tra i meno serviti dagli strumenti economici a sostegno della decarbonizzazione. I loro sforzi di transizione sono ulteriormente vincolati da un accesso limitato ai finanziamenti, competenze tecniche insufficienti, complessità normativa e scarsità di dati sulla sostenibilità. In questo contesto, la mera erogazione di capitale non è sufficiente al raggiungimento degli obiettivi di neutralità climatica. È invece essenziale un approccio coordinato e differenziato, capace di creare le condizioni finanziarie, istituzionali e tecniche che consentano alle PMI di superare le barriere esistenti e di affermarsi come protagoniste attive dell'innovazione sostenibile e della trasformazione economica.
Financing SMEs' Green Transition: the Need for an Inclusive and Sustainable Ecosystem
DA RE, SERENA
2025/2026
Abstract
The green transition represents one of the most complex and crucial transformation process of the contemporary economic system, requiring the coordinated contribution of financial systems, regulatory frameworks, and social actors. Achieving a sustainable and low-carbon economy increasingly depends on the active participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which requires a systemic redesign of the financial, regulatory, informational, and cultural context. The progressive recognition of SME relevance in the pursuit of net-zero objectives arises from their widespread presence across economic sectors, significant social contribution to employment and value creation, and substantial collective environmental footprint. At the same time, they are among the actors most exposed to the financial and physical risks associated to climate change, and among the least served by the financial instruments supporting decarbonisation. Their transition efforts are further constrained by limited financial access, inadequate technical expertise, scarce sustainability data, and regulatory complexity. In this context, providing capital alone is insufficient to achieve climate neutrality objectives. Rather, a coordinated and differentiated approach is required to create the financial, institutional, and technical conditions that enable SMEs to overcome these barriers and become active drivers of sustainable innovation and economic transformation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/31267