This thesis investigates the relationship between the city, the stage, the mask, and power in the construction of the Venetian imaginary, considering Venice as a unique form of "City-Theater" in which the distinction between urban space and scenic space progressively tends to dissolve. The core hypothesis is that Venetian theatricality should not be attributed solely to the presence of an extraordinary spectacular tradition, but rather sought within the very structure of the city and in the mechanisms through which it organizes gaze, representation, and power relations. The urban morphology of Venice configures itself as a true optical device—a visual system based on the alternation between showing and concealing, seeing and being seen. Calli, campi, campielli, canals, and architecture continuously produce viewpoints and spectacular situations, turning residents and visitors alike into observers and, simultaneously, objects of the gaze. This dimension extends from the everyday forms of urban life to public festivals and Carnival, when the entire city takes on the form of a stage and the mask becomes a sort of mobile facade for the body. Furthermore, Venetian theatricality is deeply linked to the representation of power. Civic festivals, dogal rituals, processions, and public celebrations are not merely festive occasions, but mechanisms through which the Republic renders its authority visible and symbolically organizes social space. Within this system, the mask assumes a political value: it allows one to show and hide simultaneously, making the form of power visible while concealing its actual mechanisms. Theatricality thus becomes a mode of governance and self-representation for the Venetian State. This logic finds its continuation on the theatrical stage proper, where the relationship between order, discourse, dissimulation, and censorship allows us to interrogate the stage not as a neutral space intended for representation, but as a mechanism in which the visible and the invisible, the speakable and the unspeakable, are articulated. Through censorship and practices of dissimulation, theatrical performance reveals its continuity with the political and social forms already observed in the urban space. Moreover, the evolution of the Italian stage and the perspective construction of the proscenium make it possible to connect the form of the ideal city with that of the represented city, showing how theater can configure itself as an ordered and perfected space of representation. The intrusion of Enlightenment rationality and modernity progressively fractures this symbolic system founded on festivals, masks, and illusion. The crisis of "Venice-Theater" culminates in the fall of the Republic in 1797, which represents not merely the end of a political order, but the dissolution of a specific form of world representation. Deprived of the political stage that had helped define it for centuries, Venice progressively becomes an object of the modern gaze and a privileged site for an imaginary of decay. From Chateaubriand to Wagner, up to Thomas Mann's Death in Venice, the city is transformed into an aesthetic and metaphysical figure of twilight, in which the mask rests on the threshold between beauty and dissolution. Therefore, the thesis proposes to read the history of Venice as the history of a political and urban stage, built upon the continuous tension between appearance and concealment, representation and reality, order and dissimulation. In this perspective, its death coincides not only with the end of the Republic, but with the crisis of that scenic mechanism through which Venice had represented and governed itself for centuries.
La presente tesi indaga il rapporto tra città, scena, maschera e potere nella costruzione dell’immaginario veneziano, assumendo Venezia come una particolare forma di città-teatro, nella quale la distinzione tra spazio urbano e spazio scenico tende progressivamente a farsi più labile. L’ipotesi di fondo è che la teatralità veneziana non sia riconducibile esclusivamente alla presenza di una straordinaria tradizione spettacolare, ma debba essere ricercata nella struttura stessa della città e nei dispositivi attraverso i quali essa organizza lo sguardo, la rappresentazione e i rapporti di potere. La morfologia urbana di Venezia si configura come un dispositivo ottico, un visorio fondato sulla continua alternanza tra mostrare e celare, vedere ed essere visti. Calli, campi, campielli, canali e architetture producono una molteplicità di punti di vista e situazioni spettacolari, trasformando abitanti e visitatori tanto in osservatori quanto in oggetti dello sguardo. Tale dimensione si estende dalle forme quotidiane della vita urbana alle feste pubbliche e al Carnevale, quando la città assume temporaneamente la forma di un palcoscenico e la maschera diviene una sorta di facciata mobile del corpo. La teatralità veneziana si lega inoltre alla rappresentazione del potere. Feste civiche, rituali dogali, processioni e celebrazioni pubbliche non costituiscono soltanto occasioni festive, ma dispositivi attraverso i quali la Repubblica rende visibile la propria autorità e organizza simbolicamente lo spazio sociale. In questo sistema la maschera assume anche un valore politico: essa permette di mostrare e nascondere simultaneamente, rendendo visibile la forma del potere e occultandone i meccanismi effettivi. La teatralità diviene così anche una modalità di governo e di autorappresentazione dello Stato veneziano. Questa logica trova una prosecuzione nella scena teatrale propriamente detta, dove il rapporto tra ordine, discorso, dissimulazione e censura permette di interrogare la scena non come uno spazio neutro destinato alla rappresentazione, ma come un dispositivo nel quale si articolano il visibile e l’invisibile, il dicibile e l’indicibile. Attraverso la censura e le pratiche di dissimulazione, la rappresentazione teatrale rivela la propria continuità con le forme politiche e sociali già osservate nello spazio urbano. L’evoluzione della scena italiana e la costruzione prospettica del palcoscenico permettono inoltre di mettere in relazione la forma della città ideale con quella della città rappresentata, mostrando come il teatro possa configurarsi come spazio ordinato e perfezionato della rappresentazione. L’irrompere della razionalità illuministica e della modernità incrina progressivamente questo sistema simbolico fondato sulla festa, sulla maschera e sull’illusione. La crisi della Venezia-teatro culmina nella caduta della Repubblica nel 1797, che non rappresenta soltanto la conclusione di un ordinamento politico, ma anche la dissoluzione di una specifica forma di rappresentazione del mondo. Privata della scena politica che per secoli aveva contribuito a definirla, Venezia diviene progressivamente oggetto dello sguardo moderno e luogo privilegiato di un immaginario della decadenza. Da Chateaubriand a Wagner fino a *Morte a Venezia* di Thomas Mann, la città viene trasformata in figura estetica e metafisica del tramonto, nella quale la maschera si colloca sulla soglia tra bellezza e dissoluzione. La tesi propone pertanto di leggere la storia di Venezia come la storia di una scena politica e urbana, fondata sulla continua tensione tra apparizione e occultamento, rappresentazione e realtà, ordine e dissimulazione. La sua morte coincide, in questa prospettiva, non soltanto con la fine della Repubblica, ma con la progressiva crisi di quel dispositivo scenico attraverso il quale Venezia aveva per secoli rappresentato e governato se stessa.
Venezia in scena. Un'indagine della città tra visione e rappresentazione.
CAMAGNA, FRANCESCA MADDALENA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the relationship between the city, the stage, the mask, and power in the construction of the Venetian imaginary, considering Venice as a unique form of "City-Theater" in which the distinction between urban space and scenic space progressively tends to dissolve. The core hypothesis is that Venetian theatricality should not be attributed solely to the presence of an extraordinary spectacular tradition, but rather sought within the very structure of the city and in the mechanisms through which it organizes gaze, representation, and power relations. The urban morphology of Venice configures itself as a true optical device—a visual system based on the alternation between showing and concealing, seeing and being seen. Calli, campi, campielli, canals, and architecture continuously produce viewpoints and spectacular situations, turning residents and visitors alike into observers and, simultaneously, objects of the gaze. This dimension extends from the everyday forms of urban life to public festivals and Carnival, when the entire city takes on the form of a stage and the mask becomes a sort of mobile facade for the body. Furthermore, Venetian theatricality is deeply linked to the representation of power. Civic festivals, dogal rituals, processions, and public celebrations are not merely festive occasions, but mechanisms through which the Republic renders its authority visible and symbolically organizes social space. Within this system, the mask assumes a political value: it allows one to show and hide simultaneously, making the form of power visible while concealing its actual mechanisms. Theatricality thus becomes a mode of governance and self-representation for the Venetian State. This logic finds its continuation on the theatrical stage proper, where the relationship between order, discourse, dissimulation, and censorship allows us to interrogate the stage not as a neutral space intended for representation, but as a mechanism in which the visible and the invisible, the speakable and the unspeakable, are articulated. Through censorship and practices of dissimulation, theatrical performance reveals its continuity with the political and social forms already observed in the urban space. Moreover, the evolution of the Italian stage and the perspective construction of the proscenium make it possible to connect the form of the ideal city with that of the represented city, showing how theater can configure itself as an ordered and perfected space of representation. The intrusion of Enlightenment rationality and modernity progressively fractures this symbolic system founded on festivals, masks, and illusion. The crisis of "Venice-Theater" culminates in the fall of the Republic in 1797, which represents not merely the end of a political order, but the dissolution of a specific form of world representation. Deprived of the political stage that had helped define it for centuries, Venice progressively becomes an object of the modern gaze and a privileged site for an imaginary of decay. From Chateaubriand to Wagner, up to Thomas Mann's Death in Venice, the city is transformed into an aesthetic and metaphysical figure of twilight, in which the mask rests on the threshold between beauty and dissolution. Therefore, the thesis proposes to read the history of Venice as the history of a political and urban stage, built upon the continuous tension between appearance and concealment, representation and reality, order and dissimulation. In this perspective, its death coincides not only with the end of the Republic, but with the crisis of that scenic mechanism through which Venice had represented and governed itself for centuries.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/31242