The human microbiota consists of the communities of microorganisms inhabiting the human body. In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted how the composition of these communities and their interactions with the host can significantly influence health status and contribute, under certain conditions, to the onset or progression of disease. Recent studies have suggested the presence of microbial communities also in anatomical sites previously considered sterile, including the upper female reproductive tract. Alterations in the balance of these microbial communities are referred to as dysbiosis and occur when the normal proportion between probiotic microorganisms and pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms is shifted in favour of the latter group. Such alterations in the microbial balance have been associated with the onset of several pathological conditions, including ovarian cancer. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the dynamic interaction between ovarian-derived bacterial strains and ovarian epithelial cells, both tumorigenic and “normal”, as well as the interactions among the different bacterial strains, in order to identify potential functional behaviours that may be associated with pathogenic or protective effects. To this end, tumor-derived E. coli isolates and Lactobacillus paracasei isolates derived from healthy ovarian tissue were selected as representative models of pathogenic and probiotic microbial species, respectively. This study integrates multiple functional features through the assessment of adhesion, the activity of secreted metabolites, and interactions under co-culture conditions, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of host–microorganism interactions. In parallel, biofilm production and growth curves of the individual isolates were assessed in order to determine the potential presence of characteristics consistent with a probiotic or pathogenic behaviour. Overall, the results obtained highlight how the origin of microorganisms and interspecies dynamics may influence their interactions with the host.
Il microbiota umano è costituito dall’insieme delle comunità microbiche presenti nell’organismo umano. Negli ultimi anni, numerosi studi hanno evidenziato come la composizione di tali comunità e le loro interazioni con l’ospite possano influenzare significativamente lo stato di salute e contribuire, in determinate condizioni, all’insorgenza o alla progressione di patologie. Recenti studi hanno suggerito la presenza di comunità microbiche anche in sedi anatomiche precedentemente considerate sterili, tra cui il tratto superiore dell’apparato riproduttivo femminile. L’alterazione dell’equilibrio di tali comunità microbiche viene definita disbiosi e si verifica quando la normale proporzione tra microrganismi probiotici e microrganismi patogeni o potenzialmente patogeni viene modificata a favore di quest’ultimo gruppo. Tale alterazione dell’equilibrio microbico è stata correlata all’insorgenza di diversi fenomeni patologici, tra cui le patologie tumorali dell’ovaio. L’obiettivo della presente tesi è investigare l’interazione dinamica tra ceppi batterici di origine ovarica e cellule epiteliali ovariche, sia tumorali sia “normali”, nonché le interazioni tra i diversi ceppi batterici, al fine di identificare eventuali comportamenti funzionali associabili a fenomeni di patogenicità o di protezione. A tale scopo, isolati di E. coli di origine tumorale e isolati di Lactobacillus paracasei derivati da tessuto ovarico sano sono stati selezionati come modelli rappresentativi, rispettivamente, di specie microbiche patogeniche e probiotiche. Lo studio integra molteplici caratteristiche funzionali attraverso la valutazione dell’adesione, dell’attività dei metaboliti secreti e delle interazioni in condizioni di cocultura, con l’obiettivo di fornire una visione complessiva delle interazioni tra ospite e microrganismi. Parallelamente, sono stati condotti studi relativi alla produzione di biofilm e all’andamento delle curve di crescita dei singoli isolati, al fine di determinare l’eventuale presenza di caratteristiche compatibili con un potenziale comportamento probiotico o patogenico. Nel complesso, i risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di evidenziare come l’origine dei microrganismi e le dinamiche interspecifiche possano influenzare le modalità di interazione con l’ospite.
Microbiota and Ovarian Cancer
GHIRARDELLO, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
The human microbiota consists of the communities of microorganisms inhabiting the human body. In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted how the composition of these communities and their interactions with the host can significantly influence health status and contribute, under certain conditions, to the onset or progression of disease. Recent studies have suggested the presence of microbial communities also in anatomical sites previously considered sterile, including the upper female reproductive tract. Alterations in the balance of these microbial communities are referred to as dysbiosis and occur when the normal proportion between probiotic microorganisms and pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms is shifted in favour of the latter group. Such alterations in the microbial balance have been associated with the onset of several pathological conditions, including ovarian cancer. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the dynamic interaction between ovarian-derived bacterial strains and ovarian epithelial cells, both tumorigenic and “normal”, as well as the interactions among the different bacterial strains, in order to identify potential functional behaviours that may be associated with pathogenic or protective effects. To this end, tumor-derived E. coli isolates and Lactobacillus paracasei isolates derived from healthy ovarian tissue were selected as representative models of pathogenic and probiotic microbial species, respectively. This study integrates multiple functional features through the assessment of adhesion, the activity of secreted metabolites, and interactions under co-culture conditions, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of host–microorganism interactions. In parallel, biofilm production and growth curves of the individual isolates were assessed in order to determine the potential presence of characteristics consistent with a probiotic or pathogenic behaviour. Overall, the results obtained highlight how the origin of microorganisms and interspecies dynamics may influence their interactions with the host.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/31115