As an aspiring professional in the diverse fields of Economics and Finance, it is impossible for me and us to ignore the accelerating crisis of climate change and the pressing need for systemic change. This recognition, that capital must serve a higher purpose than simple profit maximization, was the primary motivation that drove me to undertake this critical study on how Europe is attempting to realign its financial system with environmental and social imperatives. The European Union’s taken position, consolidated under the European Green Deal, is an ambitious undertaking: to strategically re engineer capital flows towards sustainability on a continental scale. To achieve this, a comprehensive and interdependent regulatory architecture has been rapidly constructed. Its core objectives are clear: to promote transparency, standardize the definition of what constitutes a "green" activity, and, crucially, restrict the pervasive risk of greenwashing within the financial sector.1 This Master’s thesis provides a critical analysis of the three foundational pillars of this architecture, focusing on their specific application and interplay within the Investment Funds sector: the EU Taxonomy Regulation, the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), and the already existing Regulation on Key Information Documents for Packaged Retail and Insurance based Investment Products (PRIIPs). Mymotivationforthisresearchisbornfromthebeliefthateffectiveregulationrequires both detailed compliance and overall coherence. While the EU Taxonomy provides the necessary scientific rigor to define sustainable economic activities (Chapter 1) and the SFDRdictateshowthefinancialmarketparticipantshavetodisclosethewaytheymanage sustainability risks and Principal Adverse Impacts (PAIs) (Chapter 3), the true test lies in integrating these rules with the established investor protection framework, specifically PRIIPs (Chapter 2). This integration presents significant friction points. The SFDR has successfully driven the classification of funds into Article 8 and Article 9 categories, yet the credibility of these labels is often undermined by the persistent data gap, a lack of reliable ESG data from investment companies (Chapter 4). Furthermore, there is a legitimate academic question regarding whether the implementation of these complex regulations creates a fully coherent disclosure regime for the end investor, or if it inadvertently introduces complexity that can lead to confusion. Therefore, the central research question guiding this thesis is: To what extent does the interplay between the SFDR, the Taxonomy Regulation, and PRIIPs create a coherent and effective disclosure regime capable of robustly mitigating greenwashing and successfully redirecting capital towards sustainable investments in the European financial market? This thesis contributes to the academic and policy debate by offering an integrated and critical perspective on the synergies and occasional discord between these three major legislative instruments. By analyzing both regulatory texts and current market implications, I aim to pinpoint specific regulatory shortcomings, such as the operational challenges related to the data gap, and propose areas for future refinement, ultimately supporting for a more streamlined and reliable disclosure system for investors.
In qualità di aspirante professionista nei diversi settori dell'Economia e della Finanza, è impossibile per me, e per noi, ignorare l'accelerazione della crisi del cambiamento climatico e l'urgente necessità di un cambiamento sistemico. La consapevolezza che il capitale debba servire un fine più alto della semplice massimizzazione del profitto è stata la motivazione principale che mi ha spinto a intraprendere questo studio critico su come l'Europa stia tentando di riallineare il proprio sistema finanziario agli imperativi ambientali e sociali. La posizione assunta dall'Unione Europea, consolidata nell'ambito del European Green Deal, rappresenta un'impresa ambiziosa: re-ingegnerizzare strategicamente i flussi di capitale verso la sostenibilità su scala continentale. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, è stata rapidamente costruita un’architettura normativa completa e interdipendente. I suoi obiettivi fondamentali sono chiari: promuovere la trasparenza, standardizzare la definizione di ciò che costituisce un'attività "verde" e, cosa cruciale, limitare il rischio pervasivo di greenwashing all'interno del settore finanziario. Questa tesi di laurea magistrale fornisce un'analisi critica dei tre pilastri fondamentali di tale architettura, concentrandosi sulla loro specifica applicazione e interazione all'interno del settore dei fondi comuni di investimento: il Regolamento sulla Tassonomia UE, il Regolamento sull'informativa sulla finanza sostenibile (SFDR) e il preesistente Regolamento sui documenti contenenti le informazioni chiave per i prodotti d'investimento al dettaglio e assicurativi pre-assemblati (PRIIPs). La mia motivazione per questa ricerca nasce dalla convinzione che una regolamentazione efficace richieda sia una conformità dettagliata che una coerenza complessiva. Mentre la Tassonomia UE fornisce il rigore scientifico necessario per definire le attività economiche sostenibili (Capitolo 1) e l'SFDR stabilisce come i partecipanti ai mercati finanziari debbano comunicare la gestione dei rischi di sostenibilità e i principali effetti negativi (PAIs) (Capitolo 3), la vera sfida risiede nell'integrazione di queste regole con il quadro consolidato di protezione degli investitori, in particolare con i PRIIPs (Capitolo 2). Tale integrazione presenta significativi punti di attrito. L'SFDR ha guidato con successo la classificazione dei fondi nelle categorie Articolo 8 e Articolo 9, eppure la credibilità di queste etichette è spesso minata dal persistente data gap, ovvero la mancanza di dati ESG affidabili da parte delle società di investimento (Capitolo 4). Inoltre, sorge un legittimo interrogativo accademico riguardo al fatto se l'attuazione di queste complesse normative crei un regime di trasparenza pienamente coerente per l'investitore finale, o se introduca inavvertitamente una complessità tale da generare confusione. Pertanto, la domanda centrale di ricerca che guida questa tesi è: In che misura l'interazione tra l'SFDR, il Regolamento sulla Tassonomia e i PRIIPs crea un regime di informativa coerente ed efficace, capace di mitigare solidamente il greenwashing e di riorientare con successo i capitali verso investimenti sostenibili nel mercato finanziario europeo? Questa tesi contribuisce al dibattito accademico e politico offrendo una prospettiva integrata e critica sulle sinergie e le occasionali discordanze tra questi tre principali strumenti legislativi. Analizzando sia i testi normativi che le attuali implicazioni di mercato, miro a individuare specifiche lacune regolamentari, come le sfide operative legate alla carenza di dati, e a proporre aree di futuro perfezionamento, sostenendo in ultima analisi un sistema di informativa più snello e affidabile per gli investitori.
The Architecture of European Sustainable Finance: A Critical Analysis of the Interplay between SFDR, the Taxonomy Regulation, and PRIIPs in the Sustainable Financial Market
COVACI, ALEXANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
As an aspiring professional in the diverse fields of Economics and Finance, it is impossible for me and us to ignore the accelerating crisis of climate change and the pressing need for systemic change. This recognition, that capital must serve a higher purpose than simple profit maximization, was the primary motivation that drove me to undertake this critical study on how Europe is attempting to realign its financial system with environmental and social imperatives. The European Union’s taken position, consolidated under the European Green Deal, is an ambitious undertaking: to strategically re engineer capital flows towards sustainability on a continental scale. To achieve this, a comprehensive and interdependent regulatory architecture has been rapidly constructed. Its core objectives are clear: to promote transparency, standardize the definition of what constitutes a "green" activity, and, crucially, restrict the pervasive risk of greenwashing within the financial sector.1 This Master’s thesis provides a critical analysis of the three foundational pillars of this architecture, focusing on their specific application and interplay within the Investment Funds sector: the EU Taxonomy Regulation, the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), and the already existing Regulation on Key Information Documents for Packaged Retail and Insurance based Investment Products (PRIIPs). Mymotivationforthisresearchisbornfromthebeliefthateffectiveregulationrequires both detailed compliance and overall coherence. While the EU Taxonomy provides the necessary scientific rigor to define sustainable economic activities (Chapter 1) and the SFDRdictateshowthefinancialmarketparticipantshavetodisclosethewaytheymanage sustainability risks and Principal Adverse Impacts (PAIs) (Chapter 3), the true test lies in integrating these rules with the established investor protection framework, specifically PRIIPs (Chapter 2). This integration presents significant friction points. The SFDR has successfully driven the classification of funds into Article 8 and Article 9 categories, yet the credibility of these labels is often undermined by the persistent data gap, a lack of reliable ESG data from investment companies (Chapter 4). Furthermore, there is a legitimate academic question regarding whether the implementation of these complex regulations creates a fully coherent disclosure regime for the end investor, or if it inadvertently introduces complexity that can lead to confusion. Therefore, the central research question guiding this thesis is: To what extent does the interplay between the SFDR, the Taxonomy Regulation, and PRIIPs create a coherent and effective disclosure regime capable of robustly mitigating greenwashing and successfully redirecting capital towards sustainable investments in the European financial market? This thesis contributes to the academic and policy debate by offering an integrated and critical perspective on the synergies and occasional discord between these three major legislative instruments. By analyzing both regulatory texts and current market implications, I aim to pinpoint specific regulatory shortcomings, such as the operational challenges related to the data gap, and propose areas for future refinement, ultimately supporting for a more streamlined and reliable disclosure system for investors.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/29726