This thesis explores the evolution of the female vampire, focusing on Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu’s Carmilla (1872) as a pivotal text in the reconfiguration of vampirism in relation to gender, sexuality, and visual representation. The first chapter situates Carmilla within the broader cultural and literary tradition of the vampire, tracing its development from early European texts to the nineteenth century, and incorporating psychoanalytic perspectives, particularly Sigmund Freud’s theories of the uncanny and hysteria, to examine the dynamics of desire and repression. The second chapter analyses Carmilla as a queer and feminist figure, drawing on gender and queer theory to argue that the novella challenges Victorian patriarchal norms through its representation of female desire and identity. Carmilla emerges as a subversive figure whose ambiguous sexuality destabilises fixed categories, while also reflecting contemporary anxieties surrounding the “monstrous-feminine.” The third chapter examines the afterlives of the female vampire in literature and film, highlighting the contrast between empowering reinterpretations and cinematic representations shaped by the male gaze. While contemporary works reclaim the vampire as a figure of agency, film adaptations often reduce her to an object of visual consumption. The thesis ultimately argues that Carmilla embodies a dual legacy, oscillating between queer subversion and patriarchal appropriation.
La tesi analizza l’evoluzione della figura della vampira, concentrandosi su Carmilla (1872) di Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu come testo fondamentale nella ridefinizione del vampirismo in relazione a genere, sessualità e rappresentazione visiva. Il primo capitolo colloca Carmilla all’interno della più ampia tradizione culturale e letteraria del vampiro, tracciandone lo sviluppo dai primi testi europei fino al XIX secolo e integrando prospettive psicoanalitiche, in particolare le teorie di Sigmund Freud sul perturbante e sull’isteria, per esaminare le dinamiche di desiderio e repressione. Il secondo capitolo analizza Carmilla come figura queer e femminista, ricorrendo alla teoria di genere e queer per sostenere che il testo metta in discussione le norme patriarcali vittoriane attraverso la rappresentazione del desiderio e dell’identità femminile. Carmilla emerge come figura sovversiva, la cui sessualità ambigua destabilizza categorie fisse, riflettendo al contempo le ansie legate al “mostruoso-femminile”. Il terzo capitolo esamina le successive rielaborazioni della vampira in letteratura e nel cinema, evidenziando il contrasto tra reinterpretazioni emancipatorie e rappresentazioni influenzate dal male gaze. Se alcune opere contemporanee recuperano la vampira come figura di agency, il cinema tende a ridurla a oggetto di consumo visivo. La tesi sostiene infine che Carmilla presenti una duplice eredità, tra sovversione queer e appropriazione patriarcale.
The Double Life of the Female Vampire: "Carmilla" between Queer Resistance and Cinematic Spectacle
GENORIA, VIRGINIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis explores the evolution of the female vampire, focusing on Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu’s Carmilla (1872) as a pivotal text in the reconfiguration of vampirism in relation to gender, sexuality, and visual representation. The first chapter situates Carmilla within the broader cultural and literary tradition of the vampire, tracing its development from early European texts to the nineteenth century, and incorporating psychoanalytic perspectives, particularly Sigmund Freud’s theories of the uncanny and hysteria, to examine the dynamics of desire and repression. The second chapter analyses Carmilla as a queer and feminist figure, drawing on gender and queer theory to argue that the novella challenges Victorian patriarchal norms through its representation of female desire and identity. Carmilla emerges as a subversive figure whose ambiguous sexuality destabilises fixed categories, while also reflecting contemporary anxieties surrounding the “monstrous-feminine.” The third chapter examines the afterlives of the female vampire in literature and film, highlighting the contrast between empowering reinterpretations and cinematic representations shaped by the male gaze. While contemporary works reclaim the vampire as a figure of agency, film adaptations often reduce her to an object of visual consumption. The thesis ultimately argues that Carmilla embodies a dual legacy, oscillating between queer subversion and patriarchal appropriation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/29386