This thesis examines a significant geopolitical shift that occurred in the wake of the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War, focusing on Switzerland and Austria. Both countries share key characteristics: they are landlocked, maintain a position of permanent neutrality, possess internationally acknowledged reputation for mediation, and place strong emphasis on a structured civil-military framework. The study traces the historical development of both states and compares their respective approaches. Austrian neutrality has evolved in a more politically flexible manner, progressively adapting to the EU’s foreign and security policy framework, whereas Swiss neutrality is deeply embedded in the country’s militia-based civil-military system and remains more structurally and legally rigid. The research then analyzes the contemporary impact of the war in Ukraine, particularly the progressive rapprochement with NATO and the European Union, as illustrated by recent developments in Switzerland. Growing security threats have prompted debates within Swiss civil society regarding potential EU or NATO membership. The thesis also examines controversies surrounding both countries, including their relations with Russia and contested application of neutrality instruments. Through comparative historical and geopolitical analysis based on primary sources and academic literature published predominantly after 2023, this study highlights how long-standing neutrality is increaingly challenged by emerging international conflicts within the European security space. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of these developments on traditionally neutral countries, which are often overlooked in discussions concerning broader European power transformations.
Questa tesi esamina un significativo cambiamento geopolitico avvenuto a seguito della guerra russo-ucraina del 2022, concentrandosi sui casi di Svizzera e Austria. Entrambi condividono caratteristiche fondamentali: sono stati senza sbocco sul mare, mantengono una posizione di neutralità permanente, godono di una consolidata reputazione internazionale nel campo della mediazione e attribuiscono particolare rilievo a un sistema civile-militare strutturato. Lo studio ricostruisce lo sviluppo storico di entrambi gli stati e ne confronta gli approcci. La neutralità austriaca si è evoluta in modo più flessibile, adattandosi progressivamente al quadro della politica estera e di sicurezza dell’Unione Europea, mentre la neutralità svizzera è profondamente radicata nel sistema politico e nel modello civile-militare di milizia, risultando più strutturata e giuridicamente rigorosa. La ricerca analizza poi l´impatto contemporaneo della guerra in Ucraina, con particolare attenzione al progressivo avvicinamento alla NATO e all´Unione Europea, come evidenziato dai recenti sviluppi in Svizzera. L'aumento delle minacce alla sicurezza ha alimentato dibattiti all´interno della società civile svizzera riguardo a un possibile ingresso nell´UE o nella NATO. La tesi esamina inoltre le controversie che hanno interessato entrambi i paesi, incluse le relazioni con la Russia e l´applicazione di strumenti legati alla neutralità. Attraverso un´analisi storica e geopolitica comparativa, basata su fonti primarie e su letteratura prevalentemente successiva al 2023, questa ricerca mette in evidenza come una neutralità di lunga tradizione venga oggi messa alla prova dai conflitti internazionali emergenti nello spazio europeo. Lo studio contribuisce a comprendere l´impatto l'impatto di tali sviluppi sui paesi tradizionalmente neutrali, spesso trascurati rispetto alle principali potenze europee.
Neutrality under strain: Austria and Switzerland after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
ROSINA, DANIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines a significant geopolitical shift that occurred in the wake of the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War, focusing on Switzerland and Austria. Both countries share key characteristics: they are landlocked, maintain a position of permanent neutrality, possess internationally acknowledged reputation for mediation, and place strong emphasis on a structured civil-military framework. The study traces the historical development of both states and compares their respective approaches. Austrian neutrality has evolved in a more politically flexible manner, progressively adapting to the EU’s foreign and security policy framework, whereas Swiss neutrality is deeply embedded in the country’s militia-based civil-military system and remains more structurally and legally rigid. The research then analyzes the contemporary impact of the war in Ukraine, particularly the progressive rapprochement with NATO and the European Union, as illustrated by recent developments in Switzerland. Growing security threats have prompted debates within Swiss civil society regarding potential EU or NATO membership. The thesis also examines controversies surrounding both countries, including their relations with Russia and contested application of neutrality instruments. Through comparative historical and geopolitical analysis based on primary sources and academic literature published predominantly after 2023, this study highlights how long-standing neutrality is increaingly challenged by emerging international conflicts within the European security space. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of these developments on traditionally neutral countries, which are often overlooked in discussions concerning broader European power transformations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Neutrality under Strain Austria and Switzerland in the Era of the War Ukraine LB COMMENT (2) (1).pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/28825