Special Economic Zones (SEZs): engine of economic development or unfulfilled promise? A comparative analysis of SEZs in Poland and Southern Italy

This thesis explores the role of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) as pivotal instruments for fostering development, attracting foreign direct investment, and promoting regional growth. The first chapter offers a conceptual and regulatory overview of SEZs, examining their global diffusion, institutional frameworks, governance models, and alignment with international trade and investment rules, with special emphasis on sustainability and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The second chapter focuses on the Polish experience with SEZs, tracing their historical evolution, organizational structure, and economic performance. It illustrates how Poland has effectively harnessed SEZs to draw foreign investment, drive industrial modernization, and support regional development. Chapter three turns to the Southern Italian context, featuring an in-depth case study of the Campania region. It analyzes the primary institutional and structural weaknesses hindering Italian SEZs. By comparing the Polish and Italian experiences, the thesis identifies critical challenges in establishing and sustaining SEZs, exposing core issues for better insight into achieving SEZs success.