Contemporary political scientists have highlighted the ever spreading phenomenon of democratic backsliding: defined as a process of authocratization, of loss of democratic attributes of a government in which the exercise of political power becomes less limited and more arbitrary and repressive. At the same time, the political global discourse has been noted to having turned progressively more aggressive, with the insurgence of terms manifesting hostility, enmity, distrust and dissatisfaction. One key subject that seems to be consistently under the political spotlight are migrants, whether as people in need, as an inevitable natural phenomenon, as a negative externality or as a group with a precise agenda. The aim of this paper shall therefore be to closely examine some democratically compromised governments (namely the US, Hungary and Turkey) and how their governments and politicians have discursively constructed migrants in recent years and to what ends, tracing a comparison both between one country and the other and between their before and after the beginning of their backsliding. Such analysis will be conducted examining both the literature the 20th century and early 2000s focused on the advent of democratic backsliding, to build a theoretical backbone, and recent news, policies and statements. To the ends of this research the most useful approaches will be those of social constructivist analysis of the historical events and especially post structuralism conception of reality-shaping language.
Gli scienziati politici contemporanei hanno sottolineato il fenomeno crescente di regressione democratica, definita come un processo di autocratizzazione, di perdita di attributi democratici da parte di un governo nel quale l'esercizio del potere politico diviene sempre meno limitato e sempre più repressivo. Allo stesso tempo, la retorica politica globale è stata descritta come crescentemente aggressiva, con l'insorgere di termini legati a concetti di ostilità, inimicizia, mancanza di fiducia e malcontento. Un soggetto chiave consistentemente sotto i riflettori della politica sono i migranti, nelle vesti di persone in difficolta, di fenomeno naturale inevitabile, un'esternalità negativa o un gruppo organizzato con scopi precisi. L'obiettivo di questo elaborato sarà dunque quello di esaminare da vicino alcuni governi democraticamente compromessi (USA, Ungheria, Turchia) e come i loro governi e politici hanno dipinto i migranti nei recenti anni e con quali scopi. Si traccerà un paragone fra i diversi paesi e fra i loro rispettivi pre e post regressione. Tale analisi verrà condotta esaminando sia la letteratura del 20° secolo e primi 2000 riguardante l'avvento della regressione democratica, per poter gettare delle basi teoriche, sia le notizie, politiche e affermazioni recenti. Ai fini di questa ricerca gli approcci più utili saranno quelli del costruttivisimo sociale per analizzare gli eventi storici e il concetto post strutturalista di linguaggio come alterazione della realtà.
"Visitors, refugees, invaders" How have governments in democratically compromised or backsliding countries discursively constructed migrants, and to what ends?
MAROTTA, LIBERO MARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Contemporary political scientists have highlighted the ever spreading phenomenon of democratic backsliding: defined as a process of authocratization, of loss of democratic attributes of a government in which the exercise of political power becomes less limited and more arbitrary and repressive. At the same time, the political global discourse has been noted to having turned progressively more aggressive, with the insurgence of terms manifesting hostility, enmity, distrust and dissatisfaction. One key subject that seems to be consistently under the political spotlight are migrants, whether as people in need, as an inevitable natural phenomenon, as a negative externality or as a group with a precise agenda. The aim of this paper shall therefore be to closely examine some democratically compromised governments (namely the US, Hungary and Turkey) and how their governments and politicians have discursively constructed migrants in recent years and to what ends, tracing a comparison both between one country and the other and between their before and after the beginning of their backsliding. Such analysis will be conducted examining both the literature the 20th century and early 2000s focused on the advent of democratic backsliding, to build a theoretical backbone, and recent news, policies and statements. To the ends of this research the most useful approaches will be those of social constructivist analysis of the historical events and especially post structuralism conception of reality-shaping language.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/28465