This thesis examines the foundations and implications of Iris Murdoch's moral philosophy. It begins with an analysis of her moral criticism of Hume, Kant, Sartre, and Wittgenstein, whose ideas she challenges in order to develop her own moral framework based on disciplined attention. Murdoch argues that human beings are governed by selfish illusions and are therefore often unable to perceive the world and the individuality of others with a just and loving gaze. Her philosophical approach offers an alternative orientation, providing conceptual tools that aim to sharpen moral perception. One of these tools is her conception of art as central to the process of unselfing. Perception, thought, fantasy, and aesthetic Einfühlung play a key role in Murdoch’s account of moral agency, leading to her idea of the “fabric of moral being,” which underlies individual choices and reveals moral character. The self is thus always in the process of becoming, engaged in a continuous movement of moral formation that frequently occurs beneath the surface of deliberate action. Murdoch elaborates these philosophical ideas in her fiction, which is why this thesis focuses on her novels. The Bell and The Sea, The Sea are analysed as moral microcosms: closed worlds in which conflicts between illusion and reality are intensified, and the distortions of ego and fantasy are exposed. In these narrative settings, happiness is not presented as a goal to be directly attained, but emerges, if at all, as a by-product of disciplined moral attention and the gradual relinquishing of illusion. Finally, this dissertation explores Murdoch’s understanding of art as a selfless discipline and examines the role of narrative empathy in The Black Prince, showing how fiction itself becomes a space for ethical attention and imaginative engagement.
Questo elaborato esamina i fondamenti e le implicazioni della filosofia morale di Iris Murdoch. Partendo da un'analisi della sua critica morale a Hume, Kant, Sartre e Wittgenstein, le cui idee vengono messe in discussione al fine di sviluppare un proprio quadro morale basato sull'attenzione disciplinata. Murdoch sostiene che gli esseri umani sono governati da illusioni egoistiche e quindi spesso incapaci di percepire il mondo e l'individualità degli altri con uno sguardo giusto e amorevole. Il suo approccio filosofico offre un orientamento alternativo, fornendo strumenti concettuali che mirano ad affinare la percezione morale. Uno di questi strumenti è la sua concezione dell'arte come elemento centrale nel processo di unselfing. La percezione, il pensiero, la fantasia e l'Einfühlung estetica giocano un ruolo chiave nella descrizione di Murdoch dell'azione morale, portando alla sua idea del “tessuto dell'essere morale”, che sta alla base delle scelte individuali e rivela il carattere morale. Il sé è quindi sempre in divenire, impegnato in un movimento continuo di formazione morale che spesso avviene sotto la superficie dell'azione deliberata. Murdoch approfondisce queste idee filosofiche nella sua narrativa, motivo per cui questa tesi si concentra sui suoi romanzi. The Bell and The Sea, The Sea sono analizzati come microcosmi morali: mondi chiusi in cui i conflitti tra illusione e realtà sono intensificati e le distorsioni dell'ego e della fantasia sono messe a nudo. In questi contesti narrativi, la felicità non è presentata come un obiettivo da raggiungere direttamente, ma emerge, se mai, come un sottoprodotto di un'attenzione morale disciplinata e della graduale rinuncia all'illusione. Infine, questa ricerca esplora la concezione dell'arte di Murdoch come disciplina altruistica ed esamina il ruolo dell'empatia narrativa in The Black Prince, mostrando come la narrativa stessa diventi uno spazio per l'attenzione etica e l'impegno immaginativo.
Il Labirinto Morale Iris Murdoch, la felicità e l'etica dell'arte e della narrativa
ANUFRIEV, ANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the foundations and implications of Iris Murdoch's moral philosophy. It begins with an analysis of her moral criticism of Hume, Kant, Sartre, and Wittgenstein, whose ideas she challenges in order to develop her own moral framework based on disciplined attention. Murdoch argues that human beings are governed by selfish illusions and are therefore often unable to perceive the world and the individuality of others with a just and loving gaze. Her philosophical approach offers an alternative orientation, providing conceptual tools that aim to sharpen moral perception. One of these tools is her conception of art as central to the process of unselfing. Perception, thought, fantasy, and aesthetic Einfühlung play a key role in Murdoch’s account of moral agency, leading to her idea of the “fabric of moral being,” which underlies individual choices and reveals moral character. The self is thus always in the process of becoming, engaged in a continuous movement of moral formation that frequently occurs beneath the surface of deliberate action. Murdoch elaborates these philosophical ideas in her fiction, which is why this thesis focuses on her novels. The Bell and The Sea, The Sea are analysed as moral microcosms: closed worlds in which conflicts between illusion and reality are intensified, and the distortions of ego and fantasy are exposed. In these narrative settings, happiness is not presented as a goal to be directly attained, but emerges, if at all, as a by-product of disciplined moral attention and the gradual relinquishing of illusion. Finally, this dissertation explores Murdoch’s understanding of art as a selfless discipline and examines the role of narrative empathy in The Black Prince, showing how fiction itself becomes a space for ethical attention and imaginative engagement.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/27957