In a European context increasingly oriented towards ‘border defence’ and the control of human mobility, France is progressively distancing itself from its historic ideal of Terre d'Asile (Land of Asylum). This thesis, divided into three chapters, offers a critical analysis of the French reception system for asylum seekers, focusing on immobility and precariousness as key structural conditions of the migratory experience. After briefly outlining the historical and regulatory framework of the European asylum system and the obstacles that arise during the migration process, the study shifts its focus specifically to the French context. The role of the institutions involved in examining asylum applications and the functioning of the National Reception System (DNA) are then defined, leaving room for considerations on bureaucratic complexity and growing restrictive trends. Subsequently, drawing on observations conducted at a CADA (Centre d'Accueil pour Demandeurs d'Asile), the work explores the ‘politics of waiting’ in its concrete manifestations, such as loneliness, frustration and psychological repercussions experienced not only by asylum seekers, but also among the centre's staff. At the same time, the research highlights some strategies of resistance adopted by the residents of the facility, from individual initiatives to forms of collective organisation and solidarity, all aimed at countering alienation and reaffirming personal dignity. The final section examines the challenges of the post-CADA transition, revealing the paradox of a system that, while granting international protection and therefore legal status, perpetuates precariousness. The analysis focuses on the structural obstacles new refugees face in accessing housing and the labour market, therefore questioning the French model of “integration” which exposes individuals to a new and prolonged condition of vulnerability.
In un contesto europeo sempre più orientato verso la “difesa delle frontiere” e il controllo dei movimenti, anche la Francia prende progressivamente le distanze dallo storico appellativo di Terre d’Asile. La presente tesi, articolata su tre capitoli, offre infatti un'analisi critica del sistema di accoglienza francese, focalizzandosi sull’immobilità e la precarietà come condizioni strutturanti dell'esperienza migratoria. Una volta delineato brevemente il quadro storico e normativo del sistema d’asilo europeo e gli ostacoli che si intrapongono durante l’intero percorso migratorio, l’attenzione si sposta specificamente sul contesto francese. Viene quindi definito il ruolo delle istituzioni coinvolte nell’esame delle domande d’asilo e il funzionamento del Dispositivo Nazionale di Accoglienza (DNA), lasciando spazio a considerazioni sulla complessità burocratica e sulle crescenti tendenze restrittive. Successivamente, a partire dalle osservazioni condotte presso un CADA (Centre d'Accueil pour Demandeurs d'Asile), il lavoro esplora la "politica dell'attesa" nelle sue manifestazioni concrete, quali la solitudine, la frustrazione e le ripercussioni psicologiche non solo tra i richiedenti asilo, ma anche tra gli stessi operatori del centro. Parallelamente, la ricerca mette in luce alcune strategie di resistenza adottate dai residenti della struttura, dalle iniziative individuali, fino alle forme di organizzazione collettiva e solidarietà volte a contrastare l'alienazione e a riaffermare la dignità personale. L’ultima sezione si sofferma, infine, sulle sfide della transizione post-CADA, rivelando il paradosso di un sistema che, pur concedendo la protezione internazionale e quindi uno status legale, perpetua la precarietà. Nella fattispecie, vengono presi in esame gli ostacoli strutturali nell'accesso agli alloggi e al mercato del lavoro, mettendo in discussione il modello francese di "integrazione" che espone dunque i neo-rifugiati a una nuova e prolungata condizione di vulnerabilità.
Dentro e oltre il sistema d'accoglienza francese: i percorsi degli exilés tra temporalità sospesa e barriere istituzionali
DE MARI, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
In a European context increasingly oriented towards ‘border defence’ and the control of human mobility, France is progressively distancing itself from its historic ideal of Terre d'Asile (Land of Asylum). This thesis, divided into three chapters, offers a critical analysis of the French reception system for asylum seekers, focusing on immobility and precariousness as key structural conditions of the migratory experience. After briefly outlining the historical and regulatory framework of the European asylum system and the obstacles that arise during the migration process, the study shifts its focus specifically to the French context. The role of the institutions involved in examining asylum applications and the functioning of the National Reception System (DNA) are then defined, leaving room for considerations on bureaucratic complexity and growing restrictive trends. Subsequently, drawing on observations conducted at a CADA (Centre d'Accueil pour Demandeurs d'Asile), the work explores the ‘politics of waiting’ in its concrete manifestations, such as loneliness, frustration and psychological repercussions experienced not only by asylum seekers, but also among the centre's staff. At the same time, the research highlights some strategies of resistance adopted by the residents of the facility, from individual initiatives to forms of collective organisation and solidarity, all aimed at countering alienation and reaffirming personal dignity. The final section examines the challenges of the post-CADA transition, revealing the paradox of a system that, while granting international protection and therefore legal status, perpetuates precariousness. The analysis focuses on the structural obstacles new refugees face in accessing housing and the labour market, therefore questioning the French model of “integration” which exposes individuals to a new and prolonged condition of vulnerability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/26526