This thesis analyzes whether the 2023 Italy-Albania migration Agreement constitutes an equal form of cooperation between the two countries or rather reflects neocolonial dynamics rooted in Italy’s historical dominance over Albania. Framed within the concepts of postcolonial bordering and offshore processing, the Agreement is placed in relation to the broader European migration framework, the Italian framework, and is critically examined. Postcolonial bordering refers to border regimes considered not only as territorial demarcations but as mechanisms of exclusion, racialized classification, and geopolitical domination. It highlights how colonial ideologies of superiority persist in present-day policies, shaping who is included, who is excluded, and under what terms. This will be analyzed throughout the thesis and will be examined specifically in relation to the Agreement and therefore also the policies implemented by the Italian government. The Agreement may appear to be an equal cooperation between the two countries, but in the course of the analysis conducted in this thesis, what will emerge is precisely how it is actually a case of neocolonialism because it mirrors colonial patterns. The work shows that the Agreement enables Italy to exercise control over Albanian territory without formally transferring sovereignty, creating legal grey zones, blurred jurisdictional boundaries, and serious risks of human rights violations. Ultimately, this work argues that this case exemplifies how postcolonial borders and neocolonial dynamics operate within European migration governance. It situates the Italy-Albania deal within a broader EU trend of externalization that sacrifices legal protections and human dignity in favor of national and geopolitical interests. The analysis draws on institutional documents, legal texts, expert commentary, and public discourse, and is grounded in an epistemological approach that privileges these sources as reliable foundations for knowledge when assessing the political, legal, and ethical implications of the Agreement. It adopts a critical perspective on the discourse surrounding migration, exploring how narratives of security and cooperation obscure asymmetries of power and reinforce neocolonial structures.
Questa tesi analizza se l'accordo migratorio Italia-Albania del 2023 costituisca una forma di cooperazione paritaria tra i due paesi o rifletta piuttosto dinamiche neocoloniali radicate nel dominio storico dell'Italia sull'Albania. Inquadrato nei concetti di bordering postcoloniale e offshore processing, l'accordo viene inserito nel più ampio contesto migratorio europeo e in quello italiano, e viene esaminato criticamente. Il confine postcoloniale si riferisce ai regimi di frontiera considerati non solo come demarcazioni territoriali, ma anche come meccanismi di esclusione, classificazione razziale e dominio geopolitico. Esso evidenzia come le ideologie coloniali di superiorità persistano nelle politiche odierne, determinando chi è incluso, chi è escluso e a quali condizioni. Questo aspetto sarà analizzato nel corso della tesi e sarà esaminato in modo specifico in relazione all'accordo e quindi appunto alle politiche attuate dal governo italiano. L'accordo può sembrare una cooperazione paritaria tra i due paesi, ma nel corso dell'analisi condotta in questa tesi, emergerà proprio come si tratti in realtà di un caso di neocolonialismo, poiché riprende modelli coloniali. Il lavoro mostra che l'accordo consente all'Italia di esercitare il controllo sul territorio albanese senza trasferire formalmente la sovranità, creando zone grigie dal punto di vista giuridico, confini giurisdizionali sfocati e gravi rischi di violazioni dei diritti umani. In definitiva, questo lavoro sostiene che questo caso esemplifica il modo in cui i confini postcoloniali e le dinamiche neocoloniali operano all'interno della governance europea in materia di migrazione. Esso colloca l'accordo Italia-Albania all'interno di una più ampia tendenza dell'UE all'esternalizzazione che sacrifica le tutele giuridiche e la dignità umana a favore degli interessi nazionali e geopolitici. L'analisi si basa su documenti istituzionali, testi giuridici, commenti di esperti e discorsi pubblici, e si fonda su un approccio epistemologico che privilegia queste fonti come basi affidabili per la conoscenza nella valutazione delle implicazioni politiche, giuridiche ed etiche dell'accordo. Adotta una prospettiva critica sul discorso che circonda la migrazione, esplorando come le narrazioni di sicurezza e cooperazione oscurino le asimmetrie di potere e rafforzino le strutture neocoloniali.
Postcolonial Bordering and Offshore Processing: The 2023 Italy-Albania Agreement on Migration
GALLO, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis analyzes whether the 2023 Italy-Albania migration Agreement constitutes an equal form of cooperation between the two countries or rather reflects neocolonial dynamics rooted in Italy’s historical dominance over Albania. Framed within the concepts of postcolonial bordering and offshore processing, the Agreement is placed in relation to the broader European migration framework, the Italian framework, and is critically examined. Postcolonial bordering refers to border regimes considered not only as territorial demarcations but as mechanisms of exclusion, racialized classification, and geopolitical domination. It highlights how colonial ideologies of superiority persist in present-day policies, shaping who is included, who is excluded, and under what terms. This will be analyzed throughout the thesis and will be examined specifically in relation to the Agreement and therefore also the policies implemented by the Italian government. The Agreement may appear to be an equal cooperation between the two countries, but in the course of the analysis conducted in this thesis, what will emerge is precisely how it is actually a case of neocolonialism because it mirrors colonial patterns. The work shows that the Agreement enables Italy to exercise control over Albanian territory without formally transferring sovereignty, creating legal grey zones, blurred jurisdictional boundaries, and serious risks of human rights violations. Ultimately, this work argues that this case exemplifies how postcolonial borders and neocolonial dynamics operate within European migration governance. It situates the Italy-Albania deal within a broader EU trend of externalization that sacrifices legal protections and human dignity in favor of national and geopolitical interests. The analysis draws on institutional documents, legal texts, expert commentary, and public discourse, and is grounded in an epistemological approach that privileges these sources as reliable foundations for knowledge when assessing the political, legal, and ethical implications of the Agreement. It adopts a critical perspective on the discourse surrounding migration, exploring how narratives of security and cooperation obscure asymmetries of power and reinforce neocolonial structures.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/26444