This thesis examines the European Union’s divergent responses to the crises in Ukraine and Gaza, exploring how these asymmetries reflect deeper tensions between strategic interests and civilizational narratives within EU foreign policy. Although both conflicts have involved comparable allegations of international law violations, such as attacks on civilians, forced displacement, and collective punishment, the EU has reacted with markedly different levels of urgency, coherence, and political framing. Drawing on postcolonial theory, constructivism, and realism, this research argues that these differences cannot be fully explained by geopolitical calculations alone. Instead, they reflect historically embedded hierarchies of concern and implicit narratives of European identity and racialized “otherness.” The study employs a qualitative comparative methodology, combining critical discourse analysis with interpretive content review. Primary sources vary from recent official EU speeches, policy documents, and public statements to historical archives, foundational texts of European political thought and colonial law, revealing the ideological roots of civilizational discrimination. Analytical focus is placed on the framing of victims, attribution of responsibility, and moral justifications employed in each case. The findings suggest that while Ukraine has been discursively constructed as part of the “European family,” deserving of solidarity and military support, Gaza has been framed in depoliticized humanitarian terms, with fragmented institutional responses and limited legal accountability. The study concludes by reflecting on the implications for the EU’s global credibility, the future of its normative identity, and the persistence of colonial logics in shaping international responses to conflict.
Questa tesi esamina le risposte divergenti dell'Unione Europea alle crisi in Ucraina e Gaza, esplorando come queste asimmetrie riflettano tensioni più profonde tra interessi strategici e narrazioni di civiltà all'interno della politica estera dell'UE. Sebbene entrambi i conflitti abbiano comportato accuse comparabili di violazioni del diritto internazionale, come attacchi contro civili, sfollamenti forzati e punizioni collettive, l'UE ha reagito con livelli notevolmente diversi di urgenza, coerenza e inquadramento politico. Attingendo alla teoria postcoloniale, al costruttivismo e al realismo, questa ricerca sostiene che queste differenze non possono essere pienamente spiegate solo da calcoli geopolitici. Riflettono invece gerarchie di preoccupazione storicamente radicate e narrazioni implicite dell'identità europea e dell'"alterità" razzializzata. Lo studio utilizza una metodologia comparativa qualitativa, combinando l'analisi critica del discorso con la revisione interpretativa dei contenuti. Le fonti primarie variano da recenti discorsi ufficiali dell'UE, documenti politici e dichiarazioni pubbliche ad archivi storici, testi fondamentali del pensiero politico europeo e diritto coloniale, rivelando le radici ideologiche della discriminazione di civiltà. L'analisi si concentra sull'inquadramento delle vittime, sull'attribuzione di responsabilità e sulle giustificazioni morali impiegate in ciascun caso. I risultati suggeriscono che, mentre l'Ucraina è stata discorsivamente costruita come parte della "famiglia europea", meritevole di solidarietà e sostegno militare, Gaza è stata inquadrata in termini umanitari depoliticizzati, con risposte istituzionali frammentate e una limitata responsabilità giuridica. Lo studio si conclude riflettendo sulle implicazioni per la credibilità globale dell'UE, il futuro della sua identità normativa e la persistenza delle logiche coloniali nel plasmare le risposte internazionali ai conflitti.
Double Standards or Geopolitical Necessity? European Union’s Civilizational Narratives in Ukraine and Gaza
CENDRON, FABIO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the European Union’s divergent responses to the crises in Ukraine and Gaza, exploring how these asymmetries reflect deeper tensions between strategic interests and civilizational narratives within EU foreign policy. Although both conflicts have involved comparable allegations of international law violations, such as attacks on civilians, forced displacement, and collective punishment, the EU has reacted with markedly different levels of urgency, coherence, and political framing. Drawing on postcolonial theory, constructivism, and realism, this research argues that these differences cannot be fully explained by geopolitical calculations alone. Instead, they reflect historically embedded hierarchies of concern and implicit narratives of European identity and racialized “otherness.” The study employs a qualitative comparative methodology, combining critical discourse analysis with interpretive content review. Primary sources vary from recent official EU speeches, policy documents, and public statements to historical archives, foundational texts of European political thought and colonial law, revealing the ideological roots of civilizational discrimination. Analytical focus is placed on the framing of victims, attribution of responsibility, and moral justifications employed in each case. The findings suggest that while Ukraine has been discursively constructed as part of the “European family,” deserving of solidarity and military support, Gaza has been framed in depoliticized humanitarian terms, with fragmented institutional responses and limited legal accountability. The study concludes by reflecting on the implications for the EU’s global credibility, the future of its normative identity, and the persistence of colonial logics in shaping international responses to conflict.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/26441