In the current economic context, intangible assets play a central role in the creation of corporate value, especially in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Trademarks, patents, know-how, relational capital, and intellectual property are strategic drivers of competitive advantage, yet their economic valuation is complex due to the intangible and often non-replicable nature of such resources. This thesis aims to critically analyze the main methodologies used for valuing intangible assets, with particular focus on their application within extraordinary corporate transactions. The work is structured into three main chapters. The first chapter introduces the concept of intangible assets, offering a classification based on accounting and managerial criteria. It also examines how international accounting standards (IAS/IFRS) regulate their recognition and presentation in financial statements. The second chapter explores the three traditional valuation approaches: cost-based, market-based, and income-based. Each is analyzed in terms of strengths, limitations, and typical use cases, with particular attention to specific methodologies such as the relief from royalty method, the excess earnings method, and the discounted cash flow (DCF) model applied to individual assets. The third chapter presents an idealized case study, based on an intra-group acquisition involving intangible assets. Through the practical application of the previously discussed valuation methods, the analysis highlights both strategic and accounting implications of intangible asset valuation, as well as their contribution to the overall value of the transaction. The thesis demonstrates that valuing intangible assets is a critical yet complex process in M&A, particularly in knowledge-intensive and innovation-driven industries. A thorough understanding of the available valuation techniques not only supports informed strategic decision-making but also enhances transparency and improves the efficiency of capital allocation.
Nel contesto economico attuale, gli asset intangibili rivestono un ruolo centrale nella creazione di valore aziendale, soprattutto nelle operazioni di fusione e acquisizione (M&A). Marchi, brevetti, know-how, capitale relazionale e proprietà intellettuali costituiscono leve strategiche per il vantaggio competitivo, ma la loro valutazione economica risulta complessa a causa della natura immateriale e spesso non replicabile di tali risorse. La presente tesi si propone di analizzare criticamente le principali metodologie impiegate nella valutazione degli intangibili, con particolare attenzione alla loro applicazione nell’ambito delle operazioni straordinarie. L’elaborato si articola in tre capitoli. Il primo capitolo introduce il concetto di asset intangibile, proponendone una classificazione secondo criteri contabili e gestionali. Viene inoltre esaminato il trattamento previsto dagli standard internazionali IAS/IFRS, con riferimento al riconoscimento e alla rappresentazione in bilancio. Il secondo capitolo approfondisce i tre approcci valutativi tradizionali: approccio del costo, approccio di mercato e approccio reddituale. Di ciascuno vengono evidenziati punti di forza, limiti applicativi e contesti di maggiore adozione, con focus su metodologie specifiche come il metodo del relief from royalty, il metodo degli excess earnings e il discounted cash flow applicato al singolo asset. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi di un caso pratico idealizzato, costruito sulla base di un’operazione di acquisizione infragruppo avente ad oggetto asset intangibili. Attraverso l’applicazione concreta delle metodologie valutative esaminate nei capitoli precedenti, l’analisi evidenzia le implicazioni strategiche e contabili della valutazione degli intangibili, e il loro apporto alla determinazione del valore complessivo dell’operazione. La tesi dimostra come la valutazione degli asset intangibili rappresenti un processo cruciale ma complesso nelle M&A, in particolare nei settori ad alta intensità di conoscenza e innovazione. Una comprensione approfondita delle tecniche disponibili consente non solo di supportare decisioni strategiche informate, ma anche di migliorare la trasparenza dei processi e l’efficienza nell’allocazione del capitale.
Metodi di valutazione di asset intangibili nelle operazioni di M&A: l'analisi del caso "TBC"
SGARBOSSA, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
In the current economic context, intangible assets play a central role in the creation of corporate value, especially in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Trademarks, patents, know-how, relational capital, and intellectual property are strategic drivers of competitive advantage, yet their economic valuation is complex due to the intangible and often non-replicable nature of such resources. This thesis aims to critically analyze the main methodologies used for valuing intangible assets, with particular focus on their application within extraordinary corporate transactions. The work is structured into three main chapters. The first chapter introduces the concept of intangible assets, offering a classification based on accounting and managerial criteria. It also examines how international accounting standards (IAS/IFRS) regulate their recognition and presentation in financial statements. The second chapter explores the three traditional valuation approaches: cost-based, market-based, and income-based. Each is analyzed in terms of strengths, limitations, and typical use cases, with particular attention to specific methodologies such as the relief from royalty method, the excess earnings method, and the discounted cash flow (DCF) model applied to individual assets. The third chapter presents an idealized case study, based on an intra-group acquisition involving intangible assets. Through the practical application of the previously discussed valuation methods, the analysis highlights both strategic and accounting implications of intangible asset valuation, as well as their contribution to the overall value of the transaction. The thesis demonstrates that valuing intangible assets is a critical yet complex process in M&A, particularly in knowledge-intensive and innovation-driven industries. A thorough understanding of the available valuation techniques not only supports informed strategic decision-making but also enhances transparency and improves the efficiency of capital allocation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/25442