Certifications as drivers of sustainable business: an analysis of the main certifications with a focus on B Corp, starting from the case study of Patagonia.

The theme of sustainability is more and more central for the business development, as evidenced by the introduction of new regulations that require companies to comply with increasingly detailed environmental, social, and governance parameters. As the global focus on sustainability intensifies, many businesses are actively working to align their supply chains with a regulatory framework that fosters environmental integrity, social responsibility, and ethical governance. This shift reflects a growing recognition that long-term business success is closely tied to the well-being of the society and the planet we live in. The aim of this thesis is to explore the main sustainability certifications that companies are adopting to embrace a broader vision of business, that transcends profit and integrates a strong commitment to social responsibility. These certifications have become essential tools in the path through this transformation, enabling organizations to demonstrate transparency, accountability, and credibility in an era where greenwashing continues to be a significant challenge. By securing these certifications, companies can not only meet regulatory expectations but also establish themselves as leaders in sustainability. Particular emphasis is placed on the B Corp certification, which is widely regarded as one of the most influential in the sustainability scenario. The first chapter introduces the concept of sustainability and sustainable supply chains, followed by a comprehensive case study of Patagonia, which stands as a pioneering example of a company that embraced sustainable business practices well before formal regulations were enacted. Patagonia's approach exemplifies how sustainability certifications can reinforce corporate values and contribute to the achievement of long-term sustainability goals, providing valuable lessons for other companies. The second chapter is dedicated to a thorough examination of the B Corp certification, focusing on its core principles, application areas, and tangible impacts. It also explores the Italian regulatory landscape, including the emergence of Società Benefit, and offers a forward-looking perspective on the future of sustainability certifications for Italian businesses. Finally, the third chapter expands the discussion to include a range of other prominent sustainability certifications, detailing their processes, shared features, and practical implications for companies striving to enhance their sustainability efforts.