The contemporary conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the control of Nagorno-Karabakh is undoubtedly one of the most complex Euro-Asian clashes of civilisations, deeply influenced by the changing balance of the international chessboard. Through the lens of the neorealist approach, this master's thesis will examine the impact of the international order on the three decades between the establishment of the Artsakh Republic in 1991 and its fall at the end of 2023. The end of the bipolar order rapidly accelerated the outbreak of the Karabakh conflict, while the beginning of the unipolar system under the leadership of the United States had little impact on the course of the military operations. The weakening of the unipolar order after the financial crisis of 2008 contributed to the emergence of a multipolar demand, which was mainly embraced by Russia, China and Iran and influenced the development of the Second Karabakh Conflict. The reasons for the fall of the Artsakh Republic are to be found in Moscow's miscalculated foreign policy combined with the significant growth of Azerbaijan's military and economic capabilities. As a result, the Russian Federation's long-standing attempts to impose itself on the post-Soviet space have seriously reduced Moscow's chances of being recognised as a superpower. At the same time, Russia's declining presence in the Caucasus allowed for the imposition of alternative regional powers, most notably Turkey and its ambition to structure a Turkic world by expanding into Central Asia.
Il conflitto contemporaneo tra Armenia e Azerbaigian per il controllo del Nagorno-Karabakh rappresenta indubbiamente uno dei più complessi scontri di civiltà Euro-Asiatici, profondamente influenzato dai mutevoli equilibri dello scacchiere internazionale. Attraverso la lente dell'approccio neorealista, questa tesi di laurea magistrale esaminerà l'impatto dell'ordine internazionale nei tre decenni tra la creazione della Repubblica dell'Artsakh nel 1991 e la sua caduta alla fine del 2023. La fine dell'ordine bipolare ha accelerato rapidamente lo scoppio del conflitto in Nagorno-Karabakh, mentre l'inizio del sistema unipolare sotto la guida degli Stati Uniti ha avuto uno scarso impatto sul corso delle operazioni militari. L'indebolimento dell'ordine unipolare dopo la crisi finanziaria del 2008 ha contribuito all'emergere di una domanda multipolare, abbracciata principalmente da Russia, Cina e Iran, che ha influenzato lo sviluppo del secondo conflitto del Nagorno-Karabakh. Le ragioni della caduta della Repubblica dell'Artsakh vanno ricercate nell'errata politica estera di Mosca unita alla significativa crescita delle capacità militari ed economiche dell'Azerbaigian. Di conseguenza, gli annosi tentativi della Federazione Russa di imporsi nello spazio post-sovietico hanno seriamente ridotto le possibilità di Mosca di essere riconosciuta come superpotenza. Allo stesso tempo, il declino della presenza russa nel Caucaso ha permesso l'imporsi di potenze regionali alternative, in particolare la Turchia e la sua ambizione di strutturare un mondo turco espandendosi in Asia centrale.
Evoluzione del Conflitto in Nagorno-Karabakh: dal Collasso dell'Unione Sovietica alla Caduta della Repubblica di Artsakh
GIRARDI, FRANCESCO
2023/2024
Abstract
The contemporary conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the control of Nagorno-Karabakh is undoubtedly one of the most complex Euro-Asian clashes of civilisations, deeply influenced by the changing balance of the international chessboard. Through the lens of the neorealist approach, this master's thesis will examine the impact of the international order on the three decades between the establishment of the Artsakh Republic in 1991 and its fall at the end of 2023. The end of the bipolar order rapidly accelerated the outbreak of the Karabakh conflict, while the beginning of the unipolar system under the leadership of the United States had little impact on the course of the military operations. The weakening of the unipolar order after the financial crisis of 2008 contributed to the emergence of a multipolar demand, which was mainly embraced by Russia, China and Iran and influenced the development of the Second Karabakh Conflict. The reasons for the fall of the Artsakh Republic are to be found in Moscow's miscalculated foreign policy combined with the significant growth of Azerbaijan's military and economic capabilities. As a result, the Russian Federation's long-standing attempts to impose itself on the post-Soviet space have seriously reduced Moscow's chances of being recognised as a superpower. At the same time, Russia's declining presence in the Caucasus allowed for the imposition of alternative regional powers, most notably Turkey and its ambition to structure a Turkic world by expanding into Central Asia.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14247/24767