Reshaping education: A comparative analysis of Italian and Japanese students' experiences with online learning during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has radically transformed global educational systems, accelerating the adoption of online learning. This research explores the experiences of Italian and Japanese students during the transition to e-learning, analyzing both the challenges and opportunities that emerged. Through a comparative perspective, the study focuses on three main aspects: access to and use of digital technologies, the emotional and psychological impact of the new educational approach, and future perspectives on the integration of e-learning into educational systems. The research is based on surveys and interviews conducted among Italian and Japanese students, supplemented by a literature review. First, the digital infrastructure and technological skills in the two countries are examined, highlighting disparities in bridging the digital divide. The strategies adopted to ensure inclusivity and the cultural differences that influenced the adoption and effectiveness of educational technologies are analyzed. Second, the research investigates the emotional and psychological impact on students, exploring levels of stress, motivation and isolation. The results provide a detailed picture of the challenges faced and coping strategies adopted by students in both countries. Finally, opinions and projections on the future of digital education are gathered, highlighting how students perceive the potential role of e-learning beyond emergencies. Through an integrated analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, the research aims to offer insights into the future of education in an increasingly digitized world, paving the way for more adaptive and inclusive learning systems.