An Analysis of Migration Flows: A Distributive Prospective.

Migration is a complex phenomenon, influenced by a plurality of factors. People who leave their country to escape from situations of danger and/ or driven by the desire to improve their living conditions, also move according to their ties (to reach friends and relatives), the real possibility of reaching a place (hence geographical proximity or ease of travel), based on the socio-economic opportunities offered by the different territories and the existing regulations in the destination countries. Thus, foreign presence tends to take a specific form in the different States, on the basis of their geographical location, local labour markets, existing immigration regulations, systems and services put in place for integration, but also the history of relations between the States themselves and the territories of origin, according to what are also defined in the literature as push factors (pushing factors) and pull factors (attractive factors). The aim of the following thesis is to explore the theme of migration flows. The analysis will start from a legal framework at European level, talking about the main treaties concluded in this field: from Schengen to the new ones. It will follow a regulatory-legal analysis at the national level, with a focus on the data that characterize the Italian territory from 2002 to 2021. To conclude, there will be a distributive analysis regarding the immigrant’s distribution in our territory.